Raspberries are not only tasty, but also healthy berries, which have a lot of healing qualities. The cultivation of such a remontant variety as raspberry Gusar requires special attention, because in winter it can freeze out. In adverse conditions, the quality and volume of the crop decreases, the plant is exposed to various types of diseases and is affected by pests.
raspberry variety "Gusar"
variety "Gusar" is responsive to watering and fertilization, giving the berry a long period
raspberry "Gusar" is perhaps the best domestic variety in terms of the sum of positive economically valuable properties
How did breeders create the Gusar variety?
In 1978, breeder Kazakov received a remontant raspberry variety, which he gave the name "Gusar". The species entered the "golden collection". However, it was only in 1994 that this variety gained popularity and began to spread rapidly.
Raspberry Gusar is successfully grown on the territory of any Russian region, but initially it was planned to cultivate the culture in the North Caucasus.
This variety is considered frost-resistant, as it calmly tolerates temperatures of -40 ° C for a long time. Raspberries are not afraid of dry weather, they can grow in open areas and soils with low fertility.
It is recommended to grow this raspberry variety in the Central, Northwest, North Caucasian, Middle Volga and Volga-Vyatka regions. Also suitable for cultivation in Ukraine and Belarus.
Distinctive features of raspberry hussar
The Hussar variety is very popular among gardeners. And this is not surprising, because raspberries received really valuable qualities:
- Powerful stems, thanks to which it easily tolerates even strong gusts of wind. If you create ideal conditions, the bush grows to a height of 3 m.
- The fruits are large, the average weight of the berry is about 3 g, but there are fruits weighing up to 12 g. You can get about 15 kg of tender raspberries from just one bush, but subject to high fertility.
- The berries have a conical shape, upon reaching full ripeness they become tender and sweet, with a slight sourness. Raspberries contain a large amount of vitamin B6, C, K.
- Fruit branches are located on the shoot surface.
- The leaves are slightly omitted, slightly wrinkled, have a rich dark green color.
- The fruits are scarlet in color with a ruby tint. A pronounced berry aroma is felt.
- The culture tolerates drought and low temperatures well.
- Possesses high resistance to various fungal and viral diseases.
- The percentage of sugar in berries does not exceed 10.9. Berries contain about 37% vitamin C.
Advantages and disadvantages
Repairing raspberries Gusar is one of the best varieties. It has become so popular among gardeners due to its many advantages.
The main advantages of Raspberry Gusar are:
- large berries of deep red color;
- pleasant berry taste with a slight sourness;
- the pulp is tender and fragrant;
- all berries ripen in just 1 month;
- bushes grow rapidly, in length they can reach almost 3 m;
- there are practically no thorns on the stem, they are in the lower part, so there is no difficulty in harvesting;
- fruits are universal in use;
- the variety is drought tolerant, therefore it is grown even in hot areas, while drought does not affect the quality and volume of the crop;
- leaves and stems of a slightly reddish hue, on their surface there is an almost invisible layer of hairs, which protects against dryness and other types of harmful effects from the environment.
With proper and regular care, 10-15 kg of juicy berries can be harvested from one raspberry bush.
Despite the positive qualities, the Gusar variety also has a number of disadvantages, which include:
- The berries are too soft and not dense, so they can not be stored for a long time.
- The softness of the berries does not allow transporting the fruits, as there is a risk of losing the harvest.
- Raspberry Gusar needs careful and constant care, and a large area is required for its cultivation.
- The variety is cold-resistant, but the root system must be protected. Otherwise, when frozen, raspberries will simply die.
Preparing for landing
Before purchasing raspberry seedlings Gusar, you need to think about where it will be planted. It is important to choose a not too dark and moderately sunny place.
The site should be protected from the winds, so raspberries will grow quickly and will soon yield a large crop.
Planting material
In order for the raspberry to grow well and bring a high-quality harvest, you must choose the right seedling.
Follow these guidelines:
- A seedling should have only 1 shoot.
- At the base, the shoot in volume should be no more than 1 cm.
- The length of the upper stem is not more than 45 cm, the rhizome is not less than 15 cm.
- Buy seedlings only in trusted and specialized garden stores to be sure of the high quality of planting material. Poor quality plants die before the first harvest.
- Do not purchase a seedling with visible external damage, as well as if it does not correspond to the main characteristics of the variety.
You can not choose to plant seedlings on which the leaves have already fully opened, since the plants will not take root, they will constantly hurt and as a result die.
Territory under raspberry
Raspberry Gusar does not differ in high requirements for the composition of the soil, so the seedlings easily and quickly take root in almost any area.
To get the maximum yield and enjoy fragrant and juicy berries, choose a good place for the culture.
Tips are:
- Choose the territory where you plan to plant raspberry, which in the daytime will be sufficiently lit. Growing in the shade, shrubs do not develop well and will not be strong enough to survive the winter safely.
- An ideal place for a raspberry plant would be a flat area, but a slight slope is also allowed.
- Make sure that the groundwater table does not exceed 1.5 m to the surface, since over-humidification is prohibited for raspberries. Failure to heed this advice can lead to the death of the plant.
- The quality of the soil in the selected area is also important. The ideal option would be soil that allows air to pass through well. The acidity level should not exceed 6 pH.
- Do not plant in soils where potatoes, strawberries, carrots, or eggplants were grown last year. Sources of diseases, as well as pest larvae remaining in the ground, will cause serious harm to future raspberries.
Tillage
Garden culture feels great on light loamy or sandy loam lands.
It is important to choose a land with a neutral acidity index. The culture takes root well in clay areas.
Strong soil waterlogging should not be allowed, since too high humidity leads to rapid growth of the bush and weak formation of fruit ovaries. That is why it is recommended to enrich clay areas additionally - by 1 sq. Km. m takes 1 bucket of sand. Sour soil needs to be limed: 1 sq. m - 500 g of lime.
Landing dates
Husar raspberries can be planted in spring or autumn. If the choice fell on the spring season, it is important that during the week the temperature does not fall below 0 ° C. The ideal option would be a positive temperature, since the soil should have time to warm up well before planting.
When planting raspberries in spring, do not expect abundant fruiting, as the plant will put forth all its strength to take root well in a new place.
Autumn is considered the most suitable time for planting raspberries, but no later than 20 days before the start of frost. In this case, the seedlings will have time to take root in a new place, take root and prepare well for the beginning of winter. In spring, raspberries will put forth all their strength not only on the formation of shoots, but also on the volume of the crop.
Proper fit: step by step instructions
You can plant raspberries in several ways - trench, tape or artisanal.
In any case, organic fertilizers must be used additionally. Humus is an excellent choice, and rotted manure is also suitable. In order to prevent the roots of the seedling from contacting with fertilizers, they must be additionally sprinkled with earth, which will help to avoid burns.
Before planting, seedlings are placed in water and left for 2 hours, so they gain strength and quickly get used to a new place.
Trench method Landing is carried out as follows:
- Dig a sufficiently long trench, at least 20 cm deep.
- Fill the trench with water so that it is evenly distributed.
- Add pre-selected fertilizers.
- Place the seedlings carefully, between which there should be a distance of at least 50 cm.
- Sprinkle lightly earth on the raspberries. Do not forget to hold the seedlings, as they need to be fixed in an upright position.
- Tamp the ground slightly.
- After planting all the seedlings, be sure to water them.
To calculate the required trench length, consider the number of seedlings, as well as the distance that should remain between them during planting.
Tape method landing is very easy to perform, it is enough to adhere to the following tips:
- Dig several holes in one row at once, taking into account how many seedlings will be planted.
- Leave a distance of about 30-40 cm between the holes.
- The pit should be 40 cm wide and 50 cm deep.
- If you plan to plant several rows of seedlings at once, leave a distance of 2 m between each.
- Place pre-prepared fertilizers in each pit, filling approximately halfway, sprinkle a little earth on top.
- Place the seedlings in the planting pit, gently straighten the roots.
- Hold the seedlings upright, fill in the soil and tamp a little, but not too much, so as not to damage the roots.
- Do not allow seedlings to sink into the ground - root buds should be above the soil surface. Neglect of this advice can provoke the beginning of decay.
- Water the seedlings: for each cutting, 1 bucket of water.
Raspberry hussar landing artisanal method conducted as follows:
- Dig the landing pits, leaving a distance of about 1-1.5 m.
- The depth and width of the pit should be 50 cm.
- Add fertilizer, do not forget about water.
- Divide seedlings in groups of 10 pcs.
- Place 10 seedlings in a planting pit.
- Sprinkle up so much soil that the root buds are on the surface.
- Compact the ground lightly.
- Be sure to water each plant to speed up rooting.
Gusar Raspberry Care Tips
To get a rich harvest every season, it is not enough just to plant raspberry seedlings Gusar, taking into account all the rules and subtleties of this process.
This plant needs regular care, which consists in the timely application of fertilizers, garters, watering, pruning, and, of course, one should not forget about the shelter of the plant for the winter, which helps prevent freezing in severe frosts.
Watering
Despite the fact that the culture tolerates dry periods well enough, the plant should receive regular watering, especially if the summer turned out to be dry. It is recommended to moisturize raspberries 1 time in 7-9 days, observing the following proportions - 10 liters of water are used for 1 bush.
Various irrigation methods can be used, such as simulating rain. The sprayer moistens the soil, air and foliage. However, this method of irrigation is strictly prohibited when fruiting begins, otherwise there is a risk of berries rotting.
In most cases, watering is carried out through the grooves, which must first be laid around the bushes or between the rows in the raspberry tree. After watering, it is important to close each groove.
The method of drip irrigation is also popular, during which special tapes with droppers are used. These belts are supplied with high pressure water. This irrigation method maintains optimal soil moisture and also reduces water consumption.
Before the start of frosts, watering is mandatory, taking into account the flow rate per 1 bush - 20 liters of water.
Support
The use of supports when growing raspberry Hussar is not necessary. One of the features of the variety are fairly strong stems. But during the period of fruit ripening, supports are additionally used. Thanks to the garter, the quality of the fruit is improved.
With abundant fruiting, the heavy weight puts increased pressure on the thin stems. In this case, the use of supports is imperative, which offer additional support to the plant.
Several different types of raspberry garters are used:
- Fan - hammer the supports on both sides of the plant stem. Tie the stems neatly at a short distance (about 5-10 cm). After the garter, raspberry bushes will resemble a fan, from where such a name is derived.
- Tapestry - hammer the supports along the entire perimeter of the raspberry tree, then pull in the rope between them, on which the branches of the plant will be fixed. With this method of tying, the bush will be upright.
Pruning
One of the most important points in caring for raspberries is pruning the bushes. The procedure allows several times to increase the yield of the variety and has a positive effect on the appearance of the garden.
Trimming rules are as follows:
- Start the pruning process after the entire crop has been harvested, as well as in the early spring when the frost recedes.
- When pruning raspberries after fruiting, remove about 30 cm, trim off any branches that did not have berries. For the correct pruning of raspberries in the fall, read here.
- With the arrival of spring, remove any excess branches that make the bush seem too thick.
- Prune fruiting shoots about 20 cm above the ground.
- If you shorten the branches too much, do not worry, as raspberries grow very quickly and the appearance of the first side branches easily compensates for the small height of the stem.
Due to the removal of excess branches, during the harvesting difficulties will not arise.
Loosening and weeds
When cultivating raspberries Gusar, remember that the variety needs constant loosening of the soil. This simple procedure gives access to the maximum amount of valuable nutrients to the root system, which makes raspberries grow faster.
Loosening is carried out to a depth of about 7 cm, but you need to act carefully so as not to harm the root system. A layer of humus and straw is placed on top of the soil.
It is important to regularly weed the raspberries to remove weeds. Grass suppresses raspberries and the plant does not receive the required amount of nutrients. Weed every 14-20 days.
Top dressing and mulching
As soon as the weather is warm, the frost will pass completely, and new leaves will appear on the stems of raspberries - start fertilizing.
Fertilizers are applied like this:
- When the soil is thawing, bring over rotted manure (no more than 1 bucket) on top of each bush.
- Use organic types of fertilizer first. Mullein is perfect, but it must first be diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 5. You can take a solution of bird droppings with water (1:10). Use 1 liter of fertilizer to fertilize each raspberry bush.
- With the onset of the flowering period, carry out the 2nd feeding. Use the following mixture: potash with phosphoric fertilizers (10 g each), with the addition of organic infusion (exactly 10 l).
- Perform this procedure in the fall, as well as after the beginning of flowering.However, if the bush is very lush and actively developing, this procedure is not necessary, because there is a sufficient amount of nutrients in the soil.
- In summer, pour wood ash between the rows of raspberries every 2 weeks - 1 sq. m take 500 ml of ash.
Preparing for winter
When Raspberry Gusar is grown as an annual crop, with stem mowing, the bush tolerates the winter cold without problems. It will be enough to cover the roots with mulch.
But gardeners in most cases choose the option of harvesting several times in 1 season. Therefore, with the onset of autumn, only those shoots that are several years old need to be removed, and annuals necessarily take refuge.
Raspberry Gusar is a frost-resistant variety that tolerates winter calmly and does not require additional insulation with a snow cover. But if winter is without snow and the plant grows in not very favorable conditions, there is a risk of freezing of the roots.
To prepare the plant for winter, after conducting pre-winter watering, mulch humus. Bend the raspberry stems in an arc and attach to the wire, which you should stretch along the row in advance. Cover the top with a non-woven material to prevent the shoots from drying out. Cover shoots no earlier than 1 week before the start of frost.
Raspberry picking and storage
In early June, start harvesting the first raspberry crop of Hussar.
Try to carry out this procedure in dry weather: when there is no rain, and the grass is completely dry. Otherwise, the berries will deteriorate quickly, and the entire crop will be lost.
When fully ripe, the berries have a deep red color. If the fruits began to darken, then they are overripe. This will not negatively affect the taste of the berries, however, transportation will be very difficult. Carefully separate the berries and stalks, because the juicy pulp is easily damaged and the fruits turn into gruel.
If you plan to ship raspberries, carefully trim the stem without affecting the fruit. Try not to touch the berries themselves.
To harvest, take glass, dry and clean jars, containers in which the crop will be transported are also suitable.
After completing the collection, be sure to place the berries in the shade so that they do not begin to sour or creep under the influence of the sun.
Store the crop in the refrigerator for 2-3 days at a temperature of at least + 5 ° C and humidity indicators within 85%.
Try to quickly process the berries - prepare jam, berry jams or compotes, raspberries, grated with sugar, are very tasty (the components are taken in equal quantities).
Reproduction
This raspberry variety reproduces in several ways. It is extremely rare to apply the seed method, since it requires a lot of time and effort, and the main varietal traits can be lost.
Propagation by cuttings:
- In the early days of summer, cut young shoots about 5 cm high underground and place them at an angle of about 45 degrees in the greenhouse.
- Air and moisten the cuttings regularly.
- Rooting occurs after about 15 days.
- Fertilize using complex fertilizers.
- After a week, plant cuttings in the garden, taking into account the 10x30 cm pattern.
- In autumn, raspberries are transplanted to a previously prepared place in the garden.
Raspberry Hussar multiplies rapidly with the help of root processes:
- In summer, dig up shoots about 15 cm high together with the roots.
- Transplant to the prepared area.
- You can propagate raspberries by dividing the bush - the bush is divided into parts.
- Cut each part to 45 cm, then plant in separate branches.
Raspberries are propagated using root cuttings:
- At the end of the season, cut the shoots into pieces about 10 cm long.
- Plant in a prepared area, do not forget to fertilize in advance.
- Water the plantings, mulch the soil.
- For winter, the shoots must be covered with coniferous paws.
- In the spring, remove the coniferous legs and pull the film on top.
- After the first green shoots appear, remove the film.
- Transplant the seedlings to a permanent location in the fall.
Ailments and insects affecting raspberries
Raspberry Gusar, like any other garden crop, is exposed to various diseases and pests. Simple preventive measures will help to cope with the problem.
The most common diseases are:
- Overgrowth - young seedlings are affected, the plant gives a large number of shoots, which are collected in bunches. As a result, branches stop early in growth and development. Diseased bushes need to be dug up and burned. As a preventive measure, pruning, including root pruning, should be carried out in a timely manner.
- Yellow mosaic - yellow spots appear on the affected leaves, edges curl, shoots stop growing. When the disease spreads, the bush must be completely destroyed. For prevention, raspberries should be planted in a well-lit area.
- Curl - the shoots are shortened and curved, their growth stops, the leaves curl. Prevention is timely pruning of raspberries.
- Green mosaic - develops as a result of lack of sunlight, the leaves curl downward, dark green spots appear on their surface.
For treatment, each bush should be treated with 1 liter of Fitoverm solution. To prevent the development of the disease, you need to plant the plant in an illuminated area without shading.
It can be affected by pests such as:
- Raspberry weevil - the pest gnaws holes in the surface of leaves and flowers. Gradually, the leaves completely dry.
- Raspberry beetle - almost the entire crop is destroyed, both leaves and fruits are damaged.
- Raspberry mosquito - larvae can be seen on the bark of the stems, after which the pest gnaws a hole in the center of the branches. The branch dries up quickly.
- Raspberry moth - adult plants suffer. The appearance of larvae is the first sign of a pest.
As a prophylaxis against insect pests, periodically dig the ground under the bushes, do not forget to remove weeds on the site in time.
Raspberries should be planted in open areas with good lighting. Do not forget about the need for regular watering of the raspberry tree.
What mistake robs gardeners of a crop?
The most common mistake that can lead to the loss of the entire crop is improper preparation for the cold weather.
The variety is frost-resistant, but this does not mean that additional shelter and preparation for wintering are not required. This applies to snowy winters, when there is no additional warming with a snow layer.
Hussar Raspberry Variety Reviews
Olga, 30 years old, amateur gardener.The hussar captivated me with its taste and rather large sizes of berries. The first time I planted a year ago, and it is too early to talk about a large crop. In the first spring, the height of the shoots reached 2 m. I liked very much that the stems do not tilt to the ground, there is no need for an additional garter.
Sergey, 25 years old, carpenter.I chose many different varieties of raspberries, but most of all I liked Hussar. This variety turned out to be the strongest and most hardy. The bush grows quickly, reaching a height of almost 3 m. I must tie up the bush so that it does not lean to the ground under the weight of the fruit.
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Raspberry Gusar is popular among gardeners. And this is not surprising, because the variety easily tolerates cold winters, has a high degree of resistance to various diseases, pests and drought. The plant is unpretentious to care for and gives a rich harvest.