When choosing a breed of chickens for breeding in Siberia, it is necessary to take into account the extremely low temperatures of the region. There are breeds that tolerate cold better than others, while maintaining normal productivity in eggs and meat. Of course, the conditions of detention play a large role, but the climatic nuances of the region cannot be ignored. Consider the breeds of chickens that are most suitable for the Siberian region.
Rhodonite
This breed was bred by domestic breeders in 2002-2008. The birthplace of the breed is the Sverdlovskaya poultry farm. The work of the breeders was successful - Rhodonite is ideal for breeding in harsh conditions. These small ginger chickens splendidly rush, despite the low temperatures. The breed is popular among residents of the middle zone of Siberia, as it maintains high egg production even in unheated rooms.
The breed was originally positioned as a factory breed - for industrial breeding. But Rodonites liked private traders too, now this breed is one of the most popular in domestic poultry houses.
Direction. Egg
Appearance. In appearance, they look like Broken Browns. These chickens have a small head. The scallop has a leaf shape. Earrings are large, bright red. The beak is yellow. In the middle of the beak is a brown strip. The color of the plumage is brown, with small reddish spots. Legs are medium length, color is yellow. The back is sloping, the chest is moderately convex. There is a gray tint on the wings and at the end of the small tail.
Productivity. 300 eggs per year. Carcass weights 2 and 3 kg for hens and cocks respectively. Due to its small mass, it is not beneficial to keep the breed for meat.
Rhodonite eggs, in comparison with eggs of other breeds, are characterized by high nutritional value. On average, one egg weighs 65 g.
Other features. Bad hens. For breeding use incubators or hens of other breeds. They have a calm and friendly disposition. There are usually no conflicts in a team. The bird is almost tame. It’s not picky about food. Easy to get used to new feeds, a change of place of residence and a change in living conditions. Hens begin to rush early - at 4 months.
Conditions of detention. Harsh Siberian conditions are ideally tolerated. Chicken coops can not be heated. Fresh air positively affects egg production.
You can find more information about Rhodonite chickens here.
Siberian leg-foot
Almost nothing is known about the origin of this breed, except that its homeland is the territory of Russia. These chickens have been bred for hundreds of years, including in the harsh conditions of Siberia. The first official description of the exterior of the Siberian leg mill is dated 1905. At the beginning of the 20th century, the breed almost disappeared - it began to be replaced by highly productive foreign cross-countries. Today, the breed requires restoration - even in Siberia, it is found infrequently.
Direction. Meat and egg.
Appearance. Hens have a magnificent exterior. They can be kept for decorative purposes. There are three options for plumage - white, black and blue. Blotches of other colors are not allowed - individuals that do not meet the standards are rejected. On the head - a magnificent crest. The whole body is covered with magnificent plumage - resembles a fur coat. “Pants” are on the legs, which cover the legs completely - to the tips of the fingers. The head is powerful, rounded. Earrings, comb and earlobes are red. The beak is wide and short, black or dark gray.
Productivity. Egg production - 150-180 eggs per year. Egg weight - 55-60 g. Chicken weight - 2-2.5 kg, rooster - 3 kg.
Other features. The nature of the females is calm and unobtrusive. Roosters are good defenders, but not badasses. The centipedes are active and noisy. Puberty occurs at 6 months. Hatching instinct is very well developed. Thanks to a magnificent "fur coat", chickens manage to successfully hatch 8-10 eggs. Quotas are very caring - they will never give up chickens.
Conditions of detention. The centipedes are distinguished by amazing endurance and unpretentiousness. But responsive to good conditions - productivity immediately rises. Siberian frosts do not harm the bird. If chickens walk on the courtyard on frosty days, then even ridges and catkins do not freeze. Frosts are well tolerated thanks to the "panties" and the structure of the V-shaped ridge, hidden under a fluffy hat. Love clean and dry litter. Dirt and humidity are bad for your health and appearance. It is advisable to insulate the chicken coop. Daily ash and sand baths are recommended.
Chinese silky
It is believed that the history of Chinese silky chickens began a thousand years ago. The birthplace of the breed is China.
Direction. Decorative egg. In the countries of the East, black meat of silky chickens is appreciated - it is considered here as dietary and delicious.
In Chinese silky chickens, meat and bones have an unusual black color. This is due to a genetic condition called "fibromelanosis" - because of it, all the insides are blue-black.
Appearance. Small head with a small dark beak. Small earrings and a pink crest are hidden under the down. The neck is long, the body is round, the legs are short. Everywhere - thick pubescence. The tail is small in size. Coloring - varies from golden to white. Feathers are more like down or wool, so the chickens of this breed look extremely picturesque.
Productivity. Carries a maximum of 100-120 eggs per year. Egg weight - 35-40 g. Chicken weight - 1.5 kg, rooster - 2 kg.
Other features. Friendly and sociable. The instinct of incubation is well developed. From hens excellent "adoptive mothers" turn out.
Conditions of detention. Cold tolerates well. But the breed for Siberia is rather decorative. Sanitation requirements are common. Hens of this breed do not know how to fly at all - they do not need perches. Picky to eat. In order for the Chinese breed to rush into the cold, you need to insulate the chicken coop and turn on the lighting for 12-14 hours.
Little galoshke
The German breed, leading its history since 1905. Ancestors are fighting kulmhuns and Malay hens.
Direction. Dwarf type meat and egg breed. Decorative - for everybody. Bred mainly in the courtyards. The breed is uninteresting for large poultry farms.
Appearance. Small head. The beak is long and narrow. Eyes are orange-red. Large earrings, with roosters - bright red. Neck - naked, without feathers. Scallop - pinkish, fleshy. Legs are medium length. The tail is narrow and elongated. Coloring - motley, different shades.
Productivity. Egg production - 150 eggs per year. Egg weight - 30 g. Chicken weight - 0.7-0.8 kg, rooster - 0.8-1 kg.
Other features. The character is calm and friendly. Oviposition begins at 5-6 months.
Conditions of detention. Despite the stiffness, the birds tolerate frosts well. They do not need a lot of space, but if there is a paddock, egg production is growing. The breed is characterized by a calm disposition, therefore, high barriers are not needed. Demanding on feed.
Oryol breed
Ancient Russian breed. The Russian Imperial Society of Poultry Breeders adopted its standards in 1914. In appearance, the Oryol hens look like fighting ones.
Direction. Meat and egg and decorative.
Appearance. The head is medium in size. The beak is long, wide and strongly bent. Amber red eyes. Earrings are hidden under the plumage. The scallop is small in size, pink in shape. The body is large, wide, and the landing is high. Coloring - fawn, chintz, black.
Productivity. Egg production - 200 eggs per year. The mass of the egg is 45-60 g. The weight of hens and cocks is 2 and 2.5 kg, respectively. Meat with high flavoring characteristics.
Other features. Aggressive. It is better to keep them separate from other breeds. Hatch eggs reluctantly. The instinct of incubation is poorly developed. Minus - late maturation and slow growth of young animals.
Conditions of detention. They are characterized by frost resistance, but, in Siberia, it is advisable to keep the Oryol hens in insulated chicken coops. They are unpretentious in food, but for high egg production they need a balanced diet.
Brahma fawn
Brahma is an American breed that was bred by crossing cochinchins, chittagongs and Malay chickens. Very large bird.
Direction. The meat.
Appearance. On a small head there is a fleshy pod-shaped scallop without teeth. On the neck there is a thick mane. Massive body with a high landing.
Productivity. Egg production 110-120 eggs per year. Weight of chickens - 3-4.5 kg, roosters - 4-5 kg.
Other features. Friendly. High instinct of incubation. The disadvantage is that chicken, due to its large weight, can crush eggs and injure hatched chickens.
Conditions of detention. Performance is highly dependent on living conditions. In a poorly equipped house, they won’t rush. They need a walk - they build fenced aviaries. They tolerate frost and high humidity well. Not afraid of snow and frost - qualities invaluable to Siberia.
Pavlovskaya
This is a very beautiful breed, named after the village of Pavlovskoye, located in the Nizhny Novgorod region. The history of the breed begins in the 18th century. At the beginning of the 20th century, Pavlovka almost disappeared. Now the breed is revived, restored, and brought to the standards of 1905.
Direction. Decorative and fighting.
Appearance. A small bird with a proud landing of the body and with wings tightly pressed to the body. The crest is undeveloped. On the head is a high crest. The color of two species is silver and golden. These are recognized as the standard of coloring, and, in addition to them, there are smoky, black and black and white "paullovka".
Productivity. Egg production - up to 130-150 pieces per year. Egg weight - 45-60 g. Chicken weight - 1.6-2 kg, rooster - 2.1-3.5 kg.
Other features. Beginning of oviposition is 6-8 months. Inquisitive, peaceful. Hens become rare. Roosters have an absurd and quarrelsome character. Able to kill an opponent. Therefore, there should only be one rooster in the chicken coop.
Conditions of detention. Needs a warmed chicken coop. Suitable for Siberia, but need special care. In the chicken coop, the temperature should not fall below 0 ° C. On the street, in severe frosts, scallops and barbs can freeze. Feeding is standard. To maintain the brightness of the plumage, fodder sulfur is introduced into the diet.
Poltava clay
The breed was bred by crossing local Ukrainian breeds and fawn orpingtones. Breeders set a goal - to improve egg production. The breed is intended for specialized egg production. In Russia, this breed is not developed. You can buy a bird only in Ukraine.
Direction. Egg and meat.
Appearance. Massive constitution - wide back and powerful chest. The head is medium in size, the beak is short, the neck is short, the crest is leaf-shaped, pink or bright red. Color - clay, cuckoo, black. All external signs indicate that the breed is adapted to the harsh climate, and it is true that the Poltavka bear the hardships of Siberian winters perfectly.
Productivity. Egg production - up to 200-210 pieces per year. Egg weight - 60 g. Chicken weight - 2-2.5 kg, rooster - up to 3.2 kg.
To increase productivity, the Poltava clay is crossed with leggorn, then their productivity increases to 240 eggs per year.
Other features. Maximum egg production lasts 4 seasons, then gradually decreases. The hens have a highly developed maternal instinct. You can breed chickens without an incubator. Sociable and complaisant. Roosters are not pugnacious. The disadvantage is uncontrolled appetite.
Conditions of detention. The breed is frost resistant. It is recommended to keep in insulated chicken coops with organized walking. The temperature in the chicken coop should not fall below + 5 ° С. Although the breed is Ukrainian, but due to its excellent adaptive properties - endurance and frost resistance, it is suitable for breeding in the Siberian region.
Pushkinskaya
The breed was created in the 70s of the last century. Place of selection - Institute of Genetics and Development of Agricultural Animals (Pushkino, Leningrad Region). The breed was officially approved in 2008. The full name is Pushkinskaya striped and motley.
Direction. Egg and meat.
Appearance. Strong and massive body. The legs are widely spaced, the body is deep - the exterior characteristic of laying hens. The head is small, decorated with a pink ridge. The neck is long, the mane is magnificent. Color - black and colorful.
Productivity. Egg production - up to 200-250 pieces per year. Egg weight - 60-70 g. Chicken weight - 2.1-3.5 kg, rooster - up to 3.5 kg.
Other features. Oviposition begins at 4-5 months. Very calm character. They react poorly to danger - they can become victims of predators during walking. Roosters are very active, so one rooster is placed on a flock of 25 chickens.
Conditions of detention. Unpretentious and undemanding to the conditions of detention. Suitable for breeding in Siberia. The condition for a comfortable wintering, without loss of egg production is good nutrition, then laying hens can successfully overwinter even in unheated, but in carefully insulated chicken coops.
Hercules
Cross was bred in 2000 on the basis of the best breeds of chickens - egg and meat. The selection lasted more than 10 years at the NAU of Ukraine and the Borki Research Institute. But now, due to the discrepancy between the real qualities declared, the popularity of this interesting and promising has somewhat decreased.
Direction. Meat and egg. Cross-country and broilers.
Appearance. The body is massive and wide. Volumetric abdomen and developed chest. A small head with a bright red scallop leaf-shaped. Long red earrings. Beak and legs are yellow. Hercules are white, golden, silver, colorful, cuckoo. White Hercules are distinguished by the highest meat productivity.
Productivity. Egg production - up to 150-200 pieces per year. Very large yolk. The weight of the chicken is 2.1-3.5 kg, the rooster is 3.6-4 kg. For 2 months, the bird gains 2 kg of weight.
Other features. Calm and gentle disposition. Curious, love walking. In mixed herds dominate, suppressing birds of weaker breeds.
Conditions of detention. For feeding, they are placed in cages with limited mobility. On the contrary, layers are arranged for layers. Having a dense and dense plumage, they can winter in unheated houses. Frost-resistant - suitable for breeding in harsh climates. But a deep litter must be present in the house.
Zagorsk Salmon
The breed was bred by the Zagorsk Institute of Poultry in 1955. They used the Yurlovskaya, Russian White, New Hampshire and Rhode Island.
Direction. Meat and egg.
Appearance. Large and elongated body, slightly elongated. The legs are strong, yellow. Roosters have a wide head with a leafy scallop of bright red color. Coloring is three-color. The main plumage and tail are black, with a green tint, the lower back and mane are silver, the motley wings are red-brown blotches. Chickens have a more compact body and an elegant head. The plumage is light, beige, with brown and salmon hues.
Productivity. Egg production - 200-250 pieces per year. The weight of the chicken is 2.1-3 kg, the rooster is 3.5 kg.
Other features. Oviposition begins at 6-8 months. The instinct of incubation is not developed, therefore, stable egg production is maintained throughout the year. They feed well on walking. They are distinguished by friendliness and complaisance. Not aggressive. Roosters are active, there should be 15-18 chickens per cock. Vocal singing was inherited from the Yurlovskaya breed.
Conditions of detention. The breed is designed for the Northern regions. Frost-resistant and unpretentious to the conditions of detention. In order not to lose the rate of oviposition, in chicken coops it is necessary to maintain the temperature not lower than 0 ° С. They are unpretentious in food - they can eat grain, food waste, compound feed.
Foreign frost resistant breeds
In countries that have a climate similar to Russia - harsh long winters, they can share their selection achievements.Among the frost-resistant breeds that are suitable for breeding in the Siberian region:
- Icelandic Landrace. The inhabitants of Iceland have bred this breed for centuries. They managed to create a very frost-resistant breed that is suitable for Siberia and other regions with moderately warm or cool summers. Landrace poorly tolerate heat.
They are very beautiful in appearance, have magnificent plumage - red, black, blue, fawn and more. Dense plumage can withstand extremely low temperatures. It protects the skin and internal organs from frostbite in the most severe snowstorms. The weight of hens is 2.5 kg, the rooster is 3.5 kg. About 220 eggs are laid per year. Egg weight - 60 g. They are carried all year round. - Red Riding Hood. This is an old English breed. Once it was massively bred by farmers, but now it is being replaced by promising new breeds. The breed is of interest to farms in Siberia - the "red caps" are almost as frost-resistant as the Icelandic landrace, and also rush year-round - regardless of the season.
This is an egg breed, so the carcass of the Red-Capped Chickens is small. About 200 eggs are laid per year. The meat is very tasty. There is no instinct for incubation. Plumage, mainly dark red, brown, black. The tail is blue-black, on the side is a dark semicircle. - Appenzeller. This is a rare Swiss breed. Egg and decorative directions. Their plus is uniquely good health. They are used to living in cold, alpine regions, they are not afraid of harsh winters, therefore they are of interest to breeders in Siberia.
In birds, a V-shaped crest and crest. The plumage is black, with a golden or silver tint. The history of the breed has about 300 years, but now they are replaced by more promising competitors. Birds of this breed are friendly, non-conflict, chickens are caring hens. The weight of hens is 1.5 kg, roosters - 1.8 kg. Carry up to 150 eggs per year. - Lakenfelder. Origin - Belgian or Dutch. A very rare breed is on the verge of extinction. To start such a breed is only for experienced professionals. Plumage - black and white. Mostly black or white chickens are born - this indicates the degeneration of the breed. Thick plumage saves birds from frost, humidity, temperature changes.
Lakenfelders are very calm. The direction is meat and egg. Carry up to 180 eggs per year. Chicken weight - 3 kg, rooster - 2-2.5 kg. Chicken is heavier than a rooster - this is rare in hens. Demanding on food, on which productivity directly depends. Relate to breeds difficult to care for and breed. - Bielefelder. Bred in Germany. Registration of the breed - 1980. The plumage “krill” is a coloring from black and golden stripes. They are very hardy, so they can be bred in the Urals and Siberia. Chickens weigh up to 4 kg, roosters - up to 4.5 kg. About 230 eggs are laid per year. Egg weight - 65-70 g. They quickly gain weight. Resistant to cold and disease, unpretentious in maintenance. Phlegmatic, therefore, it is recommended to keep them separate from other breeds - otherwise they will be pushed away from the feeders.
- Faverol. Faverol. This is a French breed of meat, bred in the same area. Differ in the original "hairstyle" - under the ears, feathers directed to the sides and up. On the legs - "panties." The weight of the chicken is up to 3.5 kg, roosters - up to 4 kg. Bring up to 160 eggs per year.
The breed is resistant to cold, therefore it is of interest to Siberian breeders. They need a walk, not adapted for maintenance in cells. Pluses - early maturity, tasty meat, stable oviposition all year round. Cons - a tendency to overeat and obesity.
Hens are hardy, and can safely exist in the most difficult climatic conditions. There are breeds that adapt better than others to severe Siberian frosts, while maintaining high productivity. However, without proper care, even the most frost-resistant chickens will lose productivity, or even die.
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