Onion Golden Semko - a domestic hybrid. This variety has excellent characteristics and a number of advantages. You can plant it with onion sets or seedlings grown from seeds. In any case, the culture must create optimal conditions, including a certain care.
Onion Golden Semko
Golden Semko's onion has high yield
Onions Golden Semko can be stored for a long time
Variety characteristics, its advantages and disadvantages
Golden Semko is an early ripe culture. From the emergence of seedlings to harvesting the first crop, 75-80 days, i.e. 2.5 months, pass. These are average indicators, because in the southern regions the culture ripens faster than in the northern latitudes.
Onions have the following characteristics:
- round shape of bulbs;
- the weight of one fruit is 70-100 g;
- thin neck;
- golden dry scales and white flesh;
- small branching nature;
- peninsular taste.
Golden Semko has a lot of advantages:
- the possibility of cultivation in different climatic conditions, but with a difference in the growing season: in the south, the variety is one-year, and in the northern regions - two-year;
- unpretentiousness to soil features;
- the possibility of growing and seedlings, and seed;
- the variety is little susceptible to disease;
- high productivity - up to 5 kg per square meter, and in different climatic conditions;
- long-term storage with minimal losses - in appropriate conditions, 90-95% of the harvested crop is preserved;
- Due to the peninsular taste, the variety is widely used in raw cooking and for culinary processing, and when processed, it causes fewer tears.
Golden Semko has practically no shortcomings. The main disadvantage of the culture is that it is not grown on greens. Among the shortcomings are also the cost, which is higher than the prices of a number of other varieties.
Optimal conditions for growing
Golden Semko is an unpretentious crop, but nevertheless, in order to get a good harvest, several conditions must be observed:
- Plot on a hill. Cold lowlands badly affect the development of culture, as a result of which the crop will suffer.
- Sufficient illumination of the site.
- Wind protection. Draft culture does not like.
- Following the rules of crop rotation. It is better to plant onions after pumpkin crops, nightshade, cabbage or kohlrabi, celery, spinach and salad. Bad neighbors are garlic, legumes, dill, parsley, and broccoli. Onions should not be re-planted in the same area for 3 years.
- Elimination of prolonged exposure to low temperatures. If the sowing is not winter, then it is recommended to carry it out at a temperature of 4 degrees. Onions begin to form at a temperature of 12 degrees. Short-term frosts the culture tolerates well.
- The right neighborhood. Onion feels good next to beets, carrots, tomatoes, any kind of cabbage, salad, chicory.
- Selection of planting material. This stage is very important, because when culling seeds or planting seeds for planting, the yield will be much larger than when ignoring such actions.
Soil requirements
Golden Semko is unpretentious to the soil, but nevertheless, for the best growth and development of culture, the following conditions should be provided:
- neutral acidity, well suited and slightly alkaline substrate;
- the soil should be light, loose and fertile, a heavy clay substrate does not ensure the full development of the culture;
- sufficient removal of groundwater - a distance to the earth's surface of at least 1 meter;
- before planting, add organic fertilizers - fresh manure is excluded, it is better to use sand and humus, per square meter you need 2-3 kg of such fertilizer;
- further feeding is not a prerequisite, but can be carried out as needed - it depends on the characteristics of the soil.
The soil for planting Golden Semko should be prepared in the fall. When digging, it is useful to add the following mineral fertilizers to each square meter:
- ammonium nitrate - 10 g;
- wood ash - 15 g;
- potassium salt - 15 g;
- superphosphate - 30 g.
It is recommended to apply superphosphate in autumn 2 weeks after loosening the soil. This should be done to a depth of 5 cm. When applying fertilizer, you need to dig the site, going deeper into the bayonet. Effectively ensure the flow of meltwater with the help of ditches along the perimeter.
Growing seedlings from seeds
Golden Semko can be planted with seeds or seeds. The first option is recommended precisely in the case of this variety, since it provides the yield earlier and more abundantly.
Shoots appear in the spring, and you can reap the fruits in mid-summer. The disadvantage of winter sowing is the need to sow more seeds, since harsh winter conditions require certain losses. It is recommended to increase the volume of planting material by a tenth.
The process begins with growing seedlings at the end of February or at the very beginning of March. You need to act according to the following algorithm:
- Germination test of planting material. It is necessary to wrap several seeds in a damp cloth and leave for several days. When germinating 70% of the material, it is considered suitable for sowing. Less than 50% of the sprouts means that the seeds are not suitable for planting.
- Disinfection. This stage is necessary as a prevention of possible diseases. For disinfection, you can use a weak solution of potassium permanganate, pre-soaking the seeds for 18 hours in plain water.
Another option is to place the planting material in a fabric bag, drop it in hot water for a quarter of an hour, and then hold it in cold water for a minute. After seeds, leave for at least a day in a bag at room temperature and periodically moisturize. - Growth stimulation. This stage is optional, but allows you to accelerate and improve the germination of the culture. Usually resort to Kornevin, Ekosil, Biostim, Emistim. Use the selected drug in accordance with the instructions for it.
- Preparing the landing site. You can grow seedlings at home in wooden crates or in greenhouses or greenhouses. Regardless of the method chosen, it is necessary to provide the culture with sufficient lighting, the right temperature and proper care. In the prepared soil, you need to make grooves, deepening a maximum of 2 cm. Leave 10 cm to the edges of the tank or garden, 5 cm between rows.
- Seed planting. It is recommended to leave 1.5 cm between them. Too thick this variety should not be planted.
- Soil compaction and watering. Watering the crop is better than stagnant water. It should be at room temperature.
- Warming. A bed or a box with planted seeds must be covered with plastic wrap. It will be necessary to remove it after emergence. If a separate container is used, then place it in heat - the first days of the onion require 25 degrees.
- Hardening. Carry out until the seedlings have yet appeared. You need to place the containers with onions in a place with a temperature of 12 degrees and keep for 3 days. If possible, it is worth using additional fluorescent lamps to increase the daylight hours for the crop. Seedlings must be taken out to fresh air. At home, it can be a balcony or an open window. Tempering time increase gradually, starting from a quarter of an hour. You need to start hardening the culture at least 2 weeks before planting in open ground.
- Thinning. This stage is carried out when seedlings appear. Between adjacent shoots should remain 1.5-2 cm.
- Watering. You need to produce it regularly, at least once a week. The abundance of irrigation should be oriented to the condition of the soil. It should not be overdried, but too much moisture is harmful.
- Loosening. The procedure is carried out to get rid of weeds, better penetration of air and moisture.
- Fertilizer. This stage is not mandatory, but is necessary if the culture is poorly developed. The reason is often weedy vegetation. It is necessary to use a urea solution - dissolve 3 g of fertilizer in a liter of water.
It is important to control the quality of seedlings. Small loops should appear on the ground. If roots are visible on the surface, then it is worth getting rid of such instances.
In total, growing seedlings takes approximately 50 days from the day of sowing. Landing in open ground occurs in the second half of April after the formation of 3-4 leaves.
Planting seedlings in open ground
Planting seedlings should be carried out in stable warm weather, but should not be too hot. It is important that the ground is well warmed up.
You need to act according to the following algorithm:
- Flatten the selected area and make furrows or holes. Deepen to a maximum of 5 cm. Leave 25-30 cm between the furrows.
- Abundantly water the prepared area and the seedlings themselves.
- Carefully transfer the seedlings to the bed, processing the roots of each seedling in a mixture of clay and mullein - just dip the roots into this substance. During the transplant, inspect the seedlings, getting rid of damaged and weak specimens. Between seedlings leave about 10 cm.
- To fill in the furrows, slightly tamping the soil.
- Water the planting. In the future, you need to water the beds every 2 weeks.
- The next day, prepare a solution of humate and pour over the planting. This treatment contributes to the rooting of seedlings.
Outdoor onion planting
Using onion sets allows you to get the crop earlier. This method of planting is also attractive for the northern regions, since the growing season of the culture takes 2 years, and the sowing allows you to get the result in the same year.
One of the most important rules for planting onion sets is a careful selection of raw materials. Onions must meet the following requirements:
- diameter 1-3 cm;
- dense structure;
- dryness - the husk should rustle;
- flat surface and no damage, rot spots;
- lack of extraneous odor - its own odor sets is specific.
It is recommended to sort the sets by size. Each group is best planted separately.
You can buy or harvest onion yourself. The second option implies a good drying of the material and its storage in a certain temperature regime. Once again, do not touch the sevka, since this leads to its germination.
Planting of Golden Semko Sevk in open ground is carried out according to the following algorithm:
- Dry planting material. It is necessary to ensure a temperature of 35-40 degrees and keep sevoc in such conditions for a week.
- Treat onions with copper sulfate.
- Loosen the soil, remove weeds and level the area.
- Make holes. Depth by 5 cm, between the onions in the rows leave 10-15 cm, and between the rows - 20 cm.
- Place one onion in each well, sprinkle with soil and lightly compact. Ponytails and a third of onions should be visible on the surface. With a strong deepening, the bulbs will stretch too much, and if not enough, they will deform.
For planting sevka, it is better to choose cloudy and dry weather, plan work in the afternoon. Golden Semko can be planted not only in spring, but also in autumn. In the first case, landing occurs in the first decade of May, in the second - at the beginning of October.
Outdoor Care
Much depends on the proper planting of onions, but for proper development, culture needs some care.
Watering
The frequency of irrigation of Golden Semko should be oriented to the condition of the soil. Waterlogging should be excluded. Moisture deficiency, which is especially dangerous during the period of crop growth, is also not allowed. The optimal frequency of watering is once a week. Water should be warm and settled.
In dry days, watering should be speeded up, and in rains - completely stop. If the soil dries up, then water the irregularities.
If greenhouses are used to grow Golden Semko, then you can use the drip irrigation system.
3-4 weeks before harvesting, watering should be completely stopped.
Top dressing
The need for nutrition is determined by the state of culture. It is recommended to use organic fertilizers. It can be infusion of mullein or chicken droppings. You need to use it for watering, adding a glass to a bucket of water. Use one bucket per 3 square meters. m. Feeding is recommended 2 weeks after planting the crop.
If the growth of the onion is slowed down, and it looks lifeless, then urgent measures are needed. For this, a urea solution is used. You need to add 30 g of funds to a bucket of water and generously water the planting.
Weeding and cultivation
Periodically, it is necessary to loosen the aisles to ensure proper aeration of the soil. Doing this is more convenient and efficient after watering.
Regular weeding is also important. If you do not get rid of weeds in a timely manner, then the growth and development of onions will slow down. Orient the frequency of weeding to the peculiarity of your site. If fresh manure was used in the fall, then the activity of weeds will be increased.
Pest and Disease Control
Golden Semko has excellent disease immunity, but this does not exclude pests. If they have already wound up, then it is worth using insecticides such as Actellic, Actara, Bitoxibacillin, Gomelin. Copper sulfate is effective as a prophylaxis: you need to add a teaspoon of the product to a 10-liter bucket of water and process green feathers with it.
An unfavorable environment can provoke fungal diseases: rust, fusarium, smut, powdery mildew, including false mildew (peronosporosis). For treatment, fungicides such as Previkur, Infinito, Teldor, Consento are needed.
Harvesting and storage
For harvesting, it is important to choose the right day. It should be dry and sunny. Do not harvest immediately after the rains - the onions should be dry. The optimal time for harvesting the crop is also determined by its condition - wilted greens and dried neck of the bulbs.
Culling should be carried out immediately during harvesting. For long-term storage, only copies without damage are suitable. The rest can be used for food or for cooking. Instances with signs of rot need to be thrown away.
After harvesting, it must be thoroughly dried. To do this, select a well-lit area and leave the bow for 2 weeks. Harvest must be covered from rain.
Golden Semko is well suited for long-term storage. He will lie with minimal loss for six months. The storage room should be dry and cool. Store onions better in nets or drawers. The best option is to lay the bulbs in one layer.
Proper cultivation of onions of the Golden Semko variety will provide the gardener with a good harvest, which is stored for a long time. It is important to follow all the rules of planting and further cultivation in order to get a good result.